In earlier studies, high daily Mg++ intake via drinking water was found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality [7] and [8]. Recent analyses of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort demonstrated an association between serum Mg++-concentrations and all-cause mortality for the crude model, which, however, was not significant after adjustment for multiple risk factors [9]. Pathophysiological concepts suggest that Mg++ is involved in various metabolic pathways, and that magnesium deficiency may contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and insulin resistance, and also cardiac fibrogenesis