The site was visited and documented by several Europeans, after J.L.Burckhardt's initial visit.A synthesis of Petra was published by Libbey and Hoskins in 1905, presenting one of the first overveiws in print.Archaeological excavations began in earnest at the turn of the century, with the earliest scientific expedition being published in Arabia Petraea in 1907 , by A.Musil. In the 1920's, R.E. Brunnow and A. von Domaszewski surveyed the site and published an ambitious mapping project in their Die Provincia Arabia.This survey has since undergone many necessary revisions, the most recent of which was published by Judith McKenzie in 1990.