productivity
and motility. The CMMs had various phenotypes and loss
of pathogenicity or reduction of virulence on seedlings and
spikelets. Quorum sensing system (QSS) plays a central role
in the virulence of B. glumae. Although the phytotoxin
production and motility were lost or reduced in CMMs,
AHLs were produced normally by 16 h after incubation,
and no mutations were associated with genes for QSS such
as tofI, tofR and qsmR. Thus, QSS in the CMMs seemed to
function normally, with virulence reduced by another
unknown mechanism. Furthermore, culture pH values
decreased in the wild-type strain but increased in the CMMs
at 30 C in Luria–Bertani medium. Since many bacteria
have been known to increase pH values in LB medium,
culture acidification in LB medium may be a specificcharacter to B. glumae, and reduction or loss of phytotoxin
production, motility and pathogenicity of the CMMs might
be affected by the reduction in acid productivity. Studies on
naturally emerged CMMs may enable us to understand any
novel adaptive mechanism specific to B. glumae.
productivityand motility. The CMMs had various phenotypes and lossof pathogenicity or reduction of virulence on seedlings andspikelets. Quorum sensing system (QSS) plays a central rolein the virulence of B. glumae. Although the phytotoxinproduction and motility were lost or reduced in CMMs,AHLs were produced normally by 16 h after incubation,and no mutations were associated with genes for QSS suchas tofI, tofR and qsmR. Thus, QSS in the CMMs seemed tofunction normally, with virulence reduced by anotherunknown mechanism. Furthermore, culture pH valuesdecreased in the wild-type strain but increased in the CMMsat 30 C in Luria–Bertani medium. Since many bacteriahave been known to increase pH values in LB medium,culture acidification in LB medium may be a specificcharacter to B. glumae, and reduction or loss of phytotoxinproduction, motility and pathogenicity of the CMMs mightbe affected by the reduction in acid productivity. Studies onnaturally emerged CMMs may enable us to understand anynovel adaptive mechanism specific to B. glumae.
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