In Earth’s atmosphere, water is the only substance that can condense into clouds. But the atmospheres of Jupiter and the other giant planets have a larger range of temperatures and pressures, so more kinds of volatiles can condense and form clouds (Figure 10.13). Beneath those planets’ cloud tops are dense layers of clouds separated by regions of relatively clear atmosphere. Because each kind of volatile, such as water or ammonia, condenses at a particular temperature and pressure, each volatile therefore forms clouds at a different altitude. Convection carries each volatile material upward along with all other atmospheric gases, and when each particular volatile reaches an altitude that has its condensation temperature, most of that volatile condenses and separates from the other gases. So very little of the volatile is carried higher aloft. Below each volatile’s condensation cloud layer, that volatile is freely mixed as a gaseous atmospheric constituent. Above its condensation altitude, each volatile is highly depleted relative to other gases.