In addition to stabilization exercises, the patient should be prescribed progressive endurance exercises and dynamic exercises at a higher intensity. For this patient, the following exercises serve as excellent strengthening stimuli for the trunk and hip musculature: air squats (proper squat exercises without weight with close attention to form), squat thrusts (squats with an overhead press maneuver at the end), kettlebell swings emphasizing hip motion, dynamic plank exercises (plank position with alternating hip flexion), and standing pulley exercises emphasizing pulling motions, rowing motions, and hip rotary motions, being careful to avoid lumbar rotary motions. Lumbar rotation is especially important to monitor because it places excessive compressive loads to the lumbar apophyseal joints, and tensile stresses to the annulus fibrosus. Programs including the exercises above have also been shown to have a positive effect on patients who have recurrent exacerbations of a chronic back problem