Milk proteins become unstable when heated in the presence of ionised calcium salts. A combination of mild heat (at 40–70 °C) and addition of calcium chloride to cow’s milk causes thickening, gelation or coagulation depending on the concentration of added calcium. The changes occur mainly through the formation of calcium-protein linkages. When~10 mM calcium chloride is added to milk heated to~70 °C, a thickened milk results. Such a process may have application in improving the mouthfeel of skim milk. A pro-cess for producing a similar product by limited rennet actionon skim milk is the subject of a US patent (Savello and Sol-orio 1994). At higher additions of calcium chloride, ≥12.5to 20 mM, combined with heating to ~ 70 °C, milk forms agel which is not unlike a yoghurt-type acid gel (Ramasubra-manian et al. 2014). Such gels, particularly when flavoured,have favourable sensory properties and have commercial potential as a unique dairy product (Siamand et al. 2014).