Spiked-sediment toxicity tests for Cu report the onset of toxicity to benthic organisms at higher concentrations than those observed in field studies. This is likely a result of the shorter exposure times used in laboratory studies, as well as exposure to Cu only as opposed to chemical mixtures containing Cu (Environment Canada 1998). For example, 14-d LC50s were 380 mg•kg-1 for Hyalella azteca, a freshwater amphipod, which is approximately double the freshwater PEL, while 10-d LC50s for Chironomus tentans, a midge, were approximately six times the freshwater PEL (i.e., 1110 mg•kg-1 ) (Milani et al. 1996). Similarly, 48-d LC25s for Protothaca staminea, a marine clam, occurred at a concentration of 38.2 mg•kg-1 , which is twice the marine ISQG (Phelps et al. 1985).
Spiked-sediment toxicity tests for Cu report the onset of toxicity to benthic organisms at higher concentrations than those observed in field studies. This is likely a result of the shorter exposure times used in laboratory studies, as well as exposure to Cu only as opposed to chemical mixtures containing Cu (Environment Canada 1998). For example, 14-d LC50s were 380 mg•kg-1 for Hyalella azteca, a freshwater amphipod, which is approximately double the freshwater PEL, while 10-d LC50s for Chironomus tentans, a midge, were approximately six times the freshwater PEL (i.e., 1110 mg•kg-1 ) (Milani et al. 1996). Similarly, 48-d LC25s for Protothaca staminea, a marine clam, occurred at a concentration of 38.2 mg•kg-1 , which is twice the marine ISQG (Phelps et al. 1985).
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