varying values of T at constant G, as shown in Fig. 13. The optimum power point is located at a precise D that differs based on the climatic situation. Hence, either an indirect or direct link can be utilized to work for the photovoltaic module at its optimal power point. In the straight link method, the photovoltaic panel is directly connected to the load center, and episodic (periodic) fine tuning is mandatory. In the indirect link method, automatically tracing the best operating point is facilitated by connecting a DC to DC buck-boost converter zeta between the photovoltaic array producer andthe load. The converter’s MOSFET switch is regulated by the maximum tracking algorithm to obtain the maximum power output from the array.