3.2 คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพ และเคมีดินSignificant differences between the soils at the initial bulbing stage and harvest were found in WC, EC, N, NO3N and exchange-able Ca values in surface soil (Table 3). Significant differences of soil properties in subsoil were the same as in surface soil. The WC,EC, N and NO3N content decreased at harvest, compared with the initial bulbing stage in surface soil and subsoil, while exchangeable Ca content increased in surface soil, but decreased in subsoil at harvest. Other exchangeable cations, S and available P content also showed the same tendency as Ca content, although the values were not significant. Lower WC, EC, N and NO3N content at harvest in surface soil can be explained by their removal into plant tissues and nutrient leaching loss. However, because onion plant absorbed Ca significantly less than N or K (Table 2), and Ca moved to surface soil from the subsoil, the exchangeable Ca content might increase in the surface soil at harvest. In Korea, most crops have ranges of pH, OM and several main elements in soil for their production (Leeet al., 2006). The range for onion crop production includes 6.0–6.5of pH, <2.0 dS m−1of EC, 25–35 mg kg−1of OM, 129–168 mg kg−1of P, and 0.39–0.50, 5.8–6.7, 2.1–2.7 cmolckg−1of Ex. K, Ca and Mg, respectively. At the initial bulbing stage in surface soil, the av. P content was 3 times higher than the optimum range, and ex.K and Ca was 0.67 and 1.72 cmolckg−1higher than the optimumrange. The soil OM or EC content were not high as compared withthe range, but were considerably accumulated, relative to commonpaddy soil in Korea. Bernstein and Ayers (1953) reported that initialyield decline started at a threshold EC of 1.4 dS m−1, and 50% yield reduction was at 4.1 dS m−1. Lee et al. (2011) found that NO3Ncontent in the range of 7 to 42 mg kg−1 soil over the growing sea-son resulted in the same bulb yield as at least 100% higher NO3N content.
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