Example 7-6
Steam at 1 MPa, 600oC, expands in a turbine to 0.01 MPa. If the process is isentropic, find the final temperature, the final enthalpy of the steam, and the turbine work.
System: The control volume formed by the turbine
Property Relation: Steam tables
Process and Process Diagram: Isentropic (sketch the process relative to the saturation lines on the T-s diagram)
Conservation Principles:
Assume: steady-state, steady-flow, one entrance, one exit, neglect KE and PE
Conservation of mass: m1=m2=m
First Law or conservation of energy:
The process is isentropic and thus adiabatic and reversible; therefore Q = 0. The conservation of energy becomes
Since the mass flow rates in and out are equal, solve for the work done per unit mass
Now, let’s go to the steam tables to find the h’s.
The process is isentropic, therefore; s2 = s1 = 8.0311 kJ/(kg K )
At P2 = 0.01 MPa, sf = 0.6492 kJ/kgK, and sg = 8.1488 kJ/(kg K);
thus, sf < s2 < sg.
State 2 is in the saturation region, and the quality is needed to specify the state.
Since state 2 is in the two-phase region, T2 = Tsat at P2 = 45.81oC.