Closing the overhead variance to the cost of goods sold account is done once, at end of the year. Variances are expected each month because of nonuniform production and nonuniform actual overhead costs. As the year unfolds, these monthly variances should, by and large, offset each other so that the year-end variance is small. Nonethe less, to illustrate how the year-end overhead variance would be treated. we will close out the overhead variance experienced by All Signs Company in January Closing the underapplied overhead to cost of goods sold requires the following entry 8. Cost of Goods Sold 75 Overhead Control Notice that debiting Cost of Goods sold is equivalent to adding the underapplied amount to the normal cost of goods sold If the overhead had been over applied, then the entry would reverse, and Cost of Goods sold would be credited. the Job 101 had not been ordered by a but had been produced with expectation that the signs could be sold to various other developers, then all units may not be sold at the same time. Assume that on January 31, 15 sold. this case, the cost of goods sold figure is the unit cost times the number of units sold s92 x 15, or si 380. The unit cost figure is found on the job-order cost sheet in Exhibit 5 Cost of Goods sold completes the description Closing out the overhead variance to of manufacturing cost flows. To facilitate of these important concepts. Exhibit 5.15 shows a complete summary of the manufacturing cost flows for All Signs Com pany. Notice that these entries summarize information from the underlying job order cost sheets. Although the description in this exhibit is specific to the example, the pat- tern of cost flows shown would be found in any manufacturing firm that uses a normal job Manufacturing cost flows, however, are not the only cost flows experienced by a firm. Nonmanufacturing costs are also incurred. A description of how we account for these costs follows, after Exhibit 5.15