In the third analysis, using the disease sample, we employed sibling models to account for unmeasured time-invariant factors in common among siblings. For this analysis, we used the approach developed by Chamberlain24 and Lancaster.25 These unmeasured factors could include, among other factors, parental health behaviors, quality of childhood medical care, and parental healthy lifestyle orientation, as well as shared genetic factors. Estimates in the first column for each disease in Table 4 are from models that included the same set of risk factors as the models generating the estimates in Table 3, except for the risk factors that did not differ among siblings. The second column for each disease in Table 4 reports estimates from models that added as controls childhood health status from birth to age 17 years. We estimated these models to determine the extent to which the effect of birth weight on adult disease onset was accounted for by birth weight’s effect on childhood heath broadly defined.fair or poor health, and an index representing parental rates of time preference, which were based on parental reports of the extent to which they planned ahead, saved for the future, thought a lot about things that might happen in the future, and other matters related to planning for the future, as expressed by the parents in the period 1968
In the third analysis, using the disease sample, we employed sibling models to account for unmeasured time-invariant factors in common among siblings. For this analysis, we used the approach developed by Chamberlain24 and Lancaster.25 These unmeasured factors could include, among other factors, parental health behaviors, quality of childhood medical care, and parental healthy lifestyle orientation, as well as shared genetic factors. Estimates in the first column for each disease in Table 4 are from models that included the same set of risk factors as the models generating the estimates in Table 3, except for the risk factors that did not differ among siblings. The second column for each disease in Table 4 reports estimates from models that added as controls childhood health status from birth to age 17 years. We estimated these models to determine the extent to which the effect of birth weight on adult disease onset was accounted for by birth weight’s effect on childhood heath broadly defined.fair or poor health, and an index representing parental rates of time preference, which were based on parental reports of the extent to which they planned ahead, saved for the future, thought a lot about things that might happen in the future, and other matters related to planning for the future, as expressed by the parents in the period 1968
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