Friction was based on the Madsen et al. (1988) formulation, wave breaking was based on the Battjes and Janssen (1978) model, and quadruplet and triad interaction and wave setup were enabled in all runs (excluding quadruplet interactions for no wind conditions, as per the recommendation of Booij et al., 1999). Sheppard et al. (2005) recommended friction factors (fw) of 0.1 and 0.2 for smooth and rough healthy coral reefs, respectively, based on the measurements performed by Nelson (1996). These values are consistent with the data of Lowe et al. (2005) estimated using the Madsen friction model and physical measurements. These are equivalent to a Nikuradse roughness (kn) of 0.04 m and 0.1 m for a smooth and rough reef, respectively, as adopted within the Madsen friction formulation. For simplicity, the friction coefficient was held constant over the whole domain, but friction is only a significant factor on the shallower reef flat regions in practice. The sensitivity of the model to the chosen spatial resolution was also investigated and a resolution of 5 m was considered as an optimum resolution, which yields the required accuracy while remaining computationally sensible.