In most bacteria, xylulose is formed directly from xylose through the activity of xylose isomerase. However, this conversion in yeasts is performed by the sequential action of two oxidoreductases, xylose reductase (XR, gene XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH, gene XYL2). Thus, an efficient xylose fermentation may be feasible by providing a xylose-utilizing pathway from a xylose-assimilating organism into fermenting yeasts, such as S. cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomyces
pombe (2). The genes necessary for xylose metabolism have been cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae (16,17, 18, 19).
In most bacteria, xylulose is formed directly from xylose through the activity of xylose isomerase. However, this conversion in yeasts is performed by the sequential action of two oxidoreductases, xylose reductase (XR, gene XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH, gene XYL2). Thus, an efficient xylose fermentation may be feasible by providing a xylose-utilizing pathway from a xylose-assimilating organism into fermenting yeasts, such as S. cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomycespombe (2). The genes necessary for xylose metabolism have been cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae (16,17, 18, 19).
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