The basic frameworks of flexible budgeting and variance analysis continue to be relevant for organizations that have adopted activity-based costing (ABC). Traditional flexible budgeting and variance analysis have recognized the need to distinguish between variable and fixed costs for cost control purposes. This distinction is important, as the practice of treating costs for particular activities as if they are entirely fixed or variable may lead to computation of inappropriate variances or to incorrect inferences about the causes of differences between actual and budgeted costs. Modifications to the basic flexible budgeting and variance analysis frameworks that are proposed for use in an ABC environment are outlined, and literature on the topic is reviewed.