Step 3:
The next step is the actual survey design. This is the most important and difficult part of the process, and may take six months or more to complete. It is accomplished in several steps. The survey design process usually starts with initial interviews and/or focus groups with the types of people who will be receiving the final survey, in this case the general public. In the initial focus groups, the researchers would ask general questions, including questions about peoples’ understanding of the issues related to the site, whether they are familiar with the site and its wildlife, whether and how they value this site and the habitat services it provides.
In later focus groups, the questions would get more detailed and specific, to help develop specific questions for the survey, as well as decide what kind of background information is needed and how to present it. For example, people might need information on the location and characteristics of the site, the uniqueness of species that have important habitat there, and whether there are any substitute sites that provide similar habitat. The researchers would also want to learn about peoples’ knowledge of mining and its impacts, and whether mining is a controversial use of the site. If people are opposed to mining, they may answer the valuation questions with this in mind, rather than expressing their value for the services of the site. At this stage, test different approaches to the valuation question and different payment mechanisms would be tested. Questions that can identify any “protest” bids or other answers that do not reveal peoples’ values for the services of interest would also be developed and tested at this stage.
After a number of focus groups have been conducted, and the researchers have reached a point where they have an idea of how to provide background information, describe the hypothetical scenario, and ask the valuation question, they will start pre-testing the survey. Because the survey will be conducted by mail, it should be pretested with as little interaction with the researchers as possible. People would be asked to assume that they’ve received the survey in the mail and to fill it out. Then the researchers would ask respondents about how they filled it out, and let them ask questions about anything they found confusing. Eventually, a mail pretest might be conducted. The researchers continue this process until they’ve developed a survey that people seem to understand and answer in a way that makes sense and reveals their values for the services of the site.
Step 3: The next step is the actual survey design. This is the most important and difficult part of the process, and may take six months or more to complete. It is accomplished in several steps. The survey design process usually starts with initial interviews and/or focus groups with the types of people who will be receiving the final survey, in this case the general public. In the initial focus groups, the researchers would ask general questions, including questions about peoples’ understanding of the issues related to the site, whether they are familiar with the site and its wildlife, whether and how they value this site and the habitat services it provides. In later focus groups, the questions would get more detailed and specific, to help develop specific questions for the survey, as well as decide what kind of background information is needed and how to present it. For example, people might need information on the location and characteristics of the site, the uniqueness of species that have important habitat there, and whether there are any substitute sites that provide similar habitat. The researchers would also want to learn about peoples’ knowledge of mining and its impacts, and whether mining is a controversial use of the site. If people are opposed to mining, they may answer the valuation questions with this in mind, rather than expressing their value for the services of the site. At this stage, test different approaches to the valuation question and different payment mechanisms would be tested. Questions that can identify any “protest” bids or other answers that do not reveal peoples’ values for the services of interest would also be developed and tested at this stage. After a number of focus groups have been conducted, and the researchers have reached a point where they have an idea of how to provide background information, describe the hypothetical scenario, and ask the valuation question, they will start pre-testing the survey. Because the survey will be conducted by mail, it should be pretested with as little interaction with the researchers as possible. People would be asked to assume that they’ve received the survey in the mail and to fill it out. Then the researchers would ask respondents about how they filled it out, and let them ask questions about anything they found confusing. Eventually, a mail pretest might be conducted. The researchers continue this process until they’ve developed a survey that people seem to understand and answer in a way that makes sense and reveals their values for the services of the site.
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