2.3.2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis
The membrane samples were broken in the liquid nitrogen, dried in
room temperature and covered with a thin layer of gold in order to
make them conductive and subsequently observed by SEM (Hitachi,
Model: s4160, Japan). Having separated three pieces from each sample,
scanning was done and the impact of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the membrane surface and structure was studied