Martin and Briggs (1986) claim the domain is so broad and
unfocused that all behaviors not clearly cognitive or psychomotor
are simply lumped together as affective. They cite self-concept,
motivation, interests, attitudes, beliefs, values, self-esteem,
morality, ego development, feelings, need achievement, locus of
control, curiosity, creativity, independence, mental health,
personal growth, group dynamics, mental imagery, and personality
as being associated with the affective domain in the literature.
They contend "...that the lack of definition and focus has made
measurement and research in the domain difficult; and it has made
translation of affective behaviors into classroom practices
inadequate" (p. 13). Bills (1976) states: "We are not close to
an agreement about what affect is or what to call it .... I have
concluded that unless we can achieve a better concept of affect,
we will never be able to deal with it in our classrooms or in our
research" (p. 10).
B