are possible through commercially viable business models – ways of creating value within a market network of producers, suppliers and consumers – which involve small farmers and SMEs. These business models for small farmers and SMEs must deliver essential services to producers and ensure reliable supply to buyers, while also addressing the high transaction costs and risks that buyers face when purchasing from large numbers of fragmented, cash-strapped small farmers and SMEs. This brief gives an overview of lessons learned about business models for including small farmers and SMEs in modernizing markets and agro-industries.