The diameter of the marked objects ranged from 0.7 to 7.3 cm. The main sequence of activities performed by musk deer while leaving such marks was identified both by eye and by video recording as follows: (1) orientation when approaching the mark; (2) olfactory examination; and (3) turning the back of the body towards an object of marking. The male was observed to touch tightly the marking object with the tail and produce a motion with the rear part of the body from side to side (Fig. 3).