In a meta-analysis of 88 studies, we examined the association between soft
drink consumption and nutrition and health outcomes. We found clear associations
of soft drink intake with increased energy intake and body weight. Soft drink
intake also was associated with lower intakes of milk, calcium, and other nutrients
and with an increased risk of several medical problems (e.g., diabetes).
Study design significantly influenced results: larger effect sizes were observed
in studies with stronger methods (longitudinal and experimental vs cross-sectional
studies). Several other factors also moderated effect sizes (e.g., gender, age, beverage
type). Finally, studies funded by the food industry reported significantly
smaller effects than did non–industry-funded studies. Recommendations to reduce
population soft drink consumption are strongly supported by the available
science. (Am J Public Health. 2007;97:667–675. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782)