Political leadership is one of the most widely experienced and intuitively or tacitly understood phenomena – like great power competition, Olympic rivalries, climate change, the right to develop, or central human rights controversies about trade-offs between security and civil and political rights. In contrast, the concept of political leadership is difficult to define essentially, because it is dependent on institutional, cultural and historical contexts and situations – both particular and general. Empirical operationalization of the concept of leadership involves a host of methodological issues, specifically those related to the definition of variables and the problem of spurious correlation. Nonetheless, the phenomenon of leadership clearly incorporates leaders involved in some type of innovative adaptation with followers, group objectives and organizational means, and problematic situations and contexts