The co-presence of globalization
and capitalism, allied with the new
organization of the state, reproduce
the social, spatial and economic structure
of cities. The emergence of new
change agents, reorganization of urban
management techniques and new
urban planning practices demonstrate
this process. The critiques on comprehensive
planning in which it is seen as
contradictory to the capitalist system
caused the modern planning approach
to lose ground in the urban development
process. As the comprehensive
planning loses its power in the redevelopment
of urban space, the global
capital gains the power and as a result
urban space becomes more imprecise.
During the economic reorganization
of the world, industry moved out of
the cities and relocated itself. The decline
of the urban economies and population
with the capitalization of the
system created new organizations and
new agents of change in planning practices.
In particular, the above-mentioned
process forced the urban managements
to reorganize and restructure
themselves in the field of spatial and
economic planning. The restructuring
process also provoked an economic rivalry
between cities worldwide. By the
end of the 20th century, the new urban
managements accelerated their efforts
in attracting capital and qualified labor
(creative people) by adapting new strategic
planning methods.