There was a significant main effect of time; both smokers without asthma (b = −3.74, p b 0.001) and smokers with asthma (b = −3.23, p = 0.002) reported reductions in urges to
smoke to alleviate negative affect over time. The test of the interaction revealed that the rate of change in urges to smoke to alleviate negative affect did not significantly differ as a function of asthma group status (b = −0.51, p = 0.721).