Pectin is a soluble fiber with a structural complexity and a multiplicity of beneficial health effects. Different domains of pectin structure reduce the risk of some cancers and cardiovascular diseases and moderate the glycemic index; pectin slows gastric transit and helps control energy intake. Pectin is fermented by colonic bacteria, generating short-chain fatty acids that contribute to favorable health outcomes. The interaction of pectin and polyphenolic compounds contributes to systemic anti-inflammation. Further, pectin is an effective delivery vehicle for exogenous nutraceuticals or drugs via either emulsion or hydrogel technology for targeted delivery to the colon.