distinguished for their
immunomodulatory actions and therapeutic applications
Despite the uncertainty in the underlining molecular mechanisms,
recent evidence suggests that L. plantarum secretes immunomodulatory agents that alter immunological signaling cascades.
Here, we present the metabolomic shifts
revealed by principal component analysis that correspond to the mid-log-stationary transition of L. plantarum, and identify
pyroglutamic (pyro) dipeptides within this transition as correlative with the immunomodulatory actions
Four of these (pyrophenylalanine,
pyro-leucine, pyro-isoleucine, pyro-tryptophan) were characterized and the two dominant members, pyrophenylalanine
and pyro-tryptophan, were directly interrogated for immunomodulatory activity through in vivo administration
using C57BL/6 mice.
Administration of these compounds resulted in decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine
interferon (IFN)-gamma, which is of noted importance in gastrointestinal immune homeostasis.
anti-inflammatory; IFN-gamma; Lactobacillus plantarum; pyroglutamic acid dipeptides
distinguished for their
immunomodulatory actions and therapeutic applications
Despite the uncertainty in the underlining molecular mechanisms,
recent evidence suggests that L. plantarum secretes immunomodulatory agents that alter immunological signaling cascades.
Here, we present the metabolomic shifts
revealed by principal component analysis that correspond to the mid-log-stationary transition of L. plantarum, and identify
pyroglutamic (pyro) dipeptides within this transition as correlative with the immunomodulatory actions
Four of these (pyrophenylalanine,
pyro-leucine, pyro-isoleucine, pyro-tryptophan) were characterized and the two dominant members, pyrophenylalanine
and pyro-tryptophan, were directly interrogated for immunomodulatory activity through in vivo administration
using C57BL/6 mice.
Administration of these compounds resulted in decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine
interferon (IFN)-gamma, which is of noted importance in gastrointestinal immune homeostasis.
anti-inflammatory; IFN-gamma; Lactobacillus plantarum; pyroglutamic acid dipeptides
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