Another important factor to consider when examining adherence in RTR is depressivesymptomatology. Rates of depression in RTR are reported to be nearly 3 times higher than thegeneral US population (26% vs. 9.5%, respectively [22,23]). In fact, several studies have foundthat self-reported depressive symptoms are associated with medication non-adherence in RTR[12,20]. Previous research indicates that depression is not a unitary construct [24], yet researchexamining the various aspects of depressive symptoms with RTR is sparse [25].Association between poor performance on neurocognitive tests and depressive symptomsare seen in other populations (e.g., traumatic brain injury [26], and older adults [27]). However, despite findings indicating that neurocognition and depressive symptoms vary togetheramong dialysis patients and RTR (i.e., neurocognitive abilities are higher, and depressivesymptoms lower, among RTR than dialysis patients [28]), few studies have examined associations between these two variables within RTR. In individuals with CKD however, negativerelationships are seen between performance on executive functioning tasks and depressivesymptoms [29]. Previously published research from our laboratory also suggests that decreasedEPS performance, along with increased depressive symptoms, predicts lower adherence inRTR [20].