The revised edition of NCTM’s standards include explain the various literacy elements
(NCTM, 2000). The representation strand requires students to use different representations to
“organize and communicate” mathematical thinking and to translate among different
representations in order to solve various problems (NCTM, 2000 p.67). NCTM (2000) suggests
that teachers should “pose questions to engage and challenge” students to think and for teachers
to ask students to clarify or justify an answer (p.35). Students are expected to show organization
through communication with peers and teachers and “use language of mathematics to express
mathematical ideas” (NCTM, 2000, p348). With these revisions the importance of integrating
mathematics and literacy is evident. NTCM not only provided expectations but ways in which
teachers can ingrate math and literacy skills.