Our paper identified both the important strategic areas (with an analysis of CSFs) and actionable recommendations (CPs) for companies striving to increase their BPO and in turn their organizational success. It provided statistical support for previous findings, such as the importance of top management's involvement and of the appointment of process owners. It also clearly showed which practices are important at which BPO maturity level. For example, the use of a CRM system is critical in order to improve from level two to level three. At lower levels of BPO maturity, CRM adoption may not be beneficial because CRM needs to be implemented in a cooperative environment in order to provide a competitive advantage