Summary
In this introduction the authors develop a 2x2 matrix scheme to help classify and understand existing sociological theories based on four major paradigms.
The matrix is based on four main debates in sociology:
• * is reality given or a product of the mind?
• * must one experience something to understand it?
• * do humans have "free will", or are they determined by their environment?
• * is understanding best achieved through the scientific method or through direct experience?