hemp wood (nr and r) and birch- and pine chips were 15, 18.5, 21, 18 and 22% for oven-dried raw material, respectively. For the kraft pulping experiments the sulphidity of the liquor was 25%, with a liquor-to-wood ratio of 5:1 for hemp raw materials and 4:1 for birch- and pine wood chips. In all the cooking experiments, the temperature was raised to 165 °C in the first 90 minutes and held there for a further 90 minutes. After cooking, the fibrous materia was washed with deionised water, first on wire mesh and then by diffusion for 24 h, after which they were disintegrated.