The old CPA was highly dominated by the ideas of American scholars, such as Fred W. Riggs (1964) and Ferrel Heady (1966).
Theoretical frameworks and concepts were mainly coined by American professors.
Conversely, several non-American scholars are leaders of the new CPA.
Scholars from continental Europe and the United Kingdom build conceptual frameworks and conduct empirical research on the administrative reform experiences of European countries.
The body of knowledge on administrative reform accumulates from both scholarly work and also the intense administrative reform efforts of European governments.
Reform innovations are being tested by European governments, and much borrowing of reform ideas is going on among European countries.
Non-European countries also borrow from the reform experiments of European countries by implementing European-style administrative reforms.
For example, the British and New Zealand models of reform have been studied by scholars and practitioners around the world.