2.4. Estimate of greenhouse gas emission from sugarcane cultivation
Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated from the production and application of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, burning and fossil fuels used during cultivation practices. Information was obtained from interviews of sugarcane farmers for the whole period of sugarcane planting. For fertilizer, both chemical and organic forms were applied. N2O emissions (direct and indirect) from the amount of N applied were estimated (IPCC, 2006). CO2 emissions from urea use were accounted for by using the IPCC emission factor (IPCC, 2006). For field burning, greenhouse gas emissions were based on the area and the fraction of the field area that practiced burning using country specific emission factors (Table 1). These included residue to crop ratio, dry matter fraction, fraction burn in field (Garivait, 2005). The percentages of sugarcane burned were analyzed from farmer interviews (68.5% of sugarcane biomass was burned; 30.8% from pre-harvest and 37.7% from post-harvest). CO2 emissions from biomass burning were not accounted for because it was assumed that CO2 is re-absorbed when sugarcane plants are regrown in the next cropping season. For fossil fuel, gasoline and diesel used in insecticides application, tillage, irrigation and sugarcane transportation from sugarcane farm to sugar mill were considered. The emissions were basically estimated from the amount of fuels used and the emission factors from those given by IPCC (IPCC, 2006) as listed in Table 1.
2.4. Estimate of greenhouse gas emission from sugarcane cultivation
Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated from the production and application of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, burning and fossil fuels used during cultivation practices. Information was obtained from interviews of sugarcane farmers for the whole period of sugarcane planting. For fertilizer, both chemical and organic forms were applied. N2O emissions (direct and indirect) from the amount of N applied were estimated (IPCC, 2006). CO2 emissions from urea use were accounted for by using the IPCC emission factor (IPCC, 2006). For field burning, greenhouse gas emissions were based on the area and the fraction of the field area that practiced burning using country specific emission factors (Table 1). These included residue to crop ratio, dry matter fraction, fraction burn in field (Garivait, 2005). The percentages of sugarcane burned were analyzed from farmer interviews (68.5% of sugarcane biomass was burned; 30.8% from pre-harvest and 37.7% from post-harvest). CO2 emissions from biomass burning were not accounted for because it was assumed that CO2 is re-absorbed when sugarcane plants are regrown in the next cropping season. For fossil fuel, gasoline and diesel used in insecticides application, tillage, irrigation and sugarcane transportation from sugarcane farm to sugar mill were considered. The emissions were basically estimated from the amount of fuels used and the emission factors from those given by IPCC (IPCC, 2006) as listed in Table 1.
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