The other point requiring clarification is concerned with
calculating hedging devices (hedges). Following the
procedure, hedges were only identified in utterances where
their unhedged versions did not change the propositional
content. The procedure excluded automatic count and
involved a fairly large amount of manual work. For
example, in examples (1) - (4), sentences (1) and (3) are
hedged, whereas (2) and (4) are unhedged: