Non-adherence to the first line anti-TB treatment was
significantly associated with MDR-TB. Taking medication
without interruption, taking medication regularly,
and having supervision (DOTS) had a protective effect
against MDR-TB. Having more than one pulmonary TB
episode had a significant association with MDR-TB. Individuals
who were treated with the Category II regimen
were also found to have an increased risk for MDR-TB.
HIV status was not significantly associated with MDRTB
among individuals who had been previously treated
with first-line anti-TB drugs. Hence, strengthening
DOTS programs to enhance patient adherence to anti-
TB treatment and giving special attention to individuals
at high risk for MDR-TB and prioritizing them for DST
are recommended.