• CL is as old as patent law and has always been compulsory licensing in US and Europe, in addition to Canada in the past, and lower that other OECD countries and saved a lot of budget, UK “crown use”
• CL mainly in ARV in Asia, US and Canada after 7/11 CLs against anthrax,
• Brief history o ARV price negotiation shows that since 2004 Dept of disease control negotiations with manufacturers to reduce prices, small reductions, beyond budget to supply to HIV patients,
• The attempt to use CL on ARVs…. Company threatened to sue for coming up with a similar version,
• Clout and influence of drug companies even on WTO and relevant to other countries and regions as well
• Patent pooling…
• Generic drugs and active ingredients imported must be examined by pharmacists or experts from universities to ensure the quality of ingredients and imported drugs
• CL increase drug access
• Thailand’s CL did not seize or expropriate drug owner but to increase drug access especially to those under UC scheme, and CL expand market for drug companies
• 2 years after CL, HITAP evaluated and conducted a study that CL has increased drug access in each of these dieasess… and increased DALYs and longevity of life expentancy of pTs and did not have negative eco impact of GSP as stated by US
• Prepadeness academically, in terms of patent, IP, law and information on disaesae, number of pts, and burden of diease before negotiation and po;litical will
• Import and locate matericals to produce generic dugs, and measures to ensure confidence of consumers
• CL not to be used superfluously, and all ministries will have to collaborate for the highest interest of the people