Prostate cancer. Hormone manipulation to
decrease serum testosterone levels has proven to be
an effective treatment for both locally advanced and
metastatic prostate cancer. Hormonal manipulation
is achieved either through orchiectomy or chemical
castration (androgen-deprivation therapies, that
is, administration of estrogen or gonadotropinreleasing
hormone agonists). Adverse effects have
made estrogen therapies less favorable. Sometimes,
androgen deprivation is used in combination with
orchiectomy.8