Methods: We used the Fontes’ approach to perform a study on this collaboration with Spanish researchers abroad.
We measured the level of national and international cooperation, the opportunity provided by the host country to
collaborate, the promotion of collaboration by national science institutions, and the types of collaboration. A total
of 88 biomedical researchers out of the 268 Spanish scientists who filled up the survey participated in the study.
Different data analyses were performed to study the variables selected to measure the scientific collaboration and
profile of Spanish researchers abroad.