4. Thanks to economic growth and rapid economic restructuring, as well as reform of the tax system and tax administration, the Government’s budgetary revenues increased rapidly from 13.5% of GDP in 1991 to an average of about 28.7% of GDP during the period 2006 – 2010 (i.e. aggregated revenues from all the four budget levels, including those from crude oil, land use right transfers, and sale of state-owned premises). Corporate income tax (CIT) and Value Added Tax (VAT) are the two most important revenues, which together account for over 50% of the total budgetary revenue. In addition, import duties and the special consumption (excise) tax contribute a further 20% of total revenue. As a result, Vietnam has had little dependence on grant aid, which has never exceeded 0.5 per cent of GDP in recent years. Meanwhile expenditure has also followed a rising trend, increasing from 16% of GDP in 1991 to 30% of GDP in 2010. In order to finance the required infrastructure development and the expansion of the social safety net, the Government has implemented an overall budget deficit policy throughout the period since the mid-1990s.