Based on pre-Landfill Directive waste composition, and assuming
that HHW is responsible for many of the XOCs and metals in MSW
landfill leachate, the risk to the environment and human health
through groundwater pollution is relatively small from engineered
landfills, despite the relatively high concentrations of heavy metals
(Slack et al., 2007b). Older landfills may, however, be of greater
concern. Whilst post-Landfill Directive changes and the conse-
quences for HHW have yet to be examined, it would appear that the
requirements made will not provide any further mitigation of risks
than currently offered through engineered landfills and leachate
treatment. Despite rising landfill costs and taxes, incineration
remains financially the more expensive option, particularly if
incineration residues fail to meet the waste acceptance criteria. The
introduction of tighter regulations concerning the chemical content
of potentially hazardous consumer products may render HHW less
problematic. The risks associated the various HHW disposal tech-
niques and comparison with landfill to assess the impact of hazards
on the environment and human health require further evaluation.
Based on pre-Landfill Directive waste composition, and assuming that HHW is responsible for many of the XOCs and metals in MSW landfill leachate, the risk to the environment and human health through groundwater pollution is relatively small from engineered landfills, despite the relatively high concentrations of heavy metals (Slack et al., 2007b). Older landfills may, however, be of greater concern. Whilst post-Landfill Directive changes and the conse-quences for HHW have yet to be examined, it would appear that the requirements made will not provide any further mitigation of risks than currently offered through engineered landfills and leachate treatment. Despite rising landfill costs and taxes, incineration remains financially the more expensive option, particularly if incineration residues fail to meet the waste acceptance criteria. The introduction of tighter regulations concerning the chemical content of potentially hazardous consumer products may render HHW less problematic. The risks associated the various HHW disposal tech-niques and comparison with landfill to assess the impact of hazards on the environment and human health require further evaluation.
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