The majority of the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
results showed violations of the homogeneity of variance
assumption (Levene 1960). We estimated the data sets that exhibited homogeneity of variance violations using the generalized
least squares (GLS) procedure (Judge et al. 1985) in
the SHAZAM econometric package (White 1977), and we
estimated the remainder using ordinary least squares (OLS).
Using the approach suggested by Cohen and Cohen (1983),
we calculated the percentage of within-subjects variance
explained by time for each regression.
For owners who were less positive before the event, all
five repeated measures analyses showed significant changes
between pre- and post-event scores, with R2 values ranging
from .25 to .57. Three of the five upper-half analyses were
significant, with R2 values ranging from .04 to .08 (Table 5).
Pre- and post-event means for each group are also included
in Table 5