For example, a pregnant woman with a history of successful treatment with an antidepressant 4 years earlier presented for consultation. She was concerned about her risk for recurrence of depression after the birth of her second child. For women with one or more previous episodes of postpartum depression, the recurrence risk is 25%.20 Postpartum preventive treatment is appropriate for high-risk groups, such as women with previous episodes,20 major life stressors,21 socioeconomic adversity,22 or a severely ill infant.23 The patient’s choice was to initiate interpersonal psychotherapy preventively during the latter part of pregnancy and into the postpartum period. She wanted to maximize her probability of wellness without drug treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding as well as engage a healthcare professional to monitor her mood. If the depression recurred, she planned to start the same antidepressant for acute treatment and continue it long-term, since the capacity to enjoy her family was critical to her.