Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Each of the last
three decades has been successively warmer than any preceding
decade since 1850, and the concentration of Greenhouse Gases
has increased. Society can reduce the carbon intensity of energy services,
pushing the transition towards low-carbon and/or carbon neutral
technologies [1]. Buildings will play an important role since
they use about 40% of world’s energy demand and 25% of global
water, while producing one third of total emissions [2]. Energy
demand for building cooling will be one of the main causes of the
growing energy consumption of developing countries located in hot/
tropical climates, hence major efforts are necessary to limit their
energy demand [14].
Demand Side Management is a mean to increase the efficiency
of an entire power system, from generation to the end use, optimizing
resources allocation, limiting the peak demand, shaping the
loads depending on the necessity of the grid [3,18,19].
In this context, Thermal Energy Storage is becoming more
and more interesting, since it currently represents one of the most
cost-effective solutions to enable demand management strategies
[4];enables storing thermal energy (either hot or cold) through
a storage medium capable to release the required amount of energy
when needed [5].
Several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of such systems
in different contexts [13,15–17]. Cabeza et al. [6] showed the CO2
mitigation potential of TES systems for different applications (refrigeration,
solar power plants, passive system in buildings,