• differentiating – filtering the amount of obtained information based on theknown differences in the identity or origin of the sources such as authoror journal• monitoring – keeping abreast of developments in the field throughregularly following particular sources such as core journals, conferencesand catalogs• extracting – working through a selected source systematically to identifyrelevant materials such as a set of journals• verifying – checking if information is correct• ending – information seeking at a project’s completion (a final search, andso on).As a descriptive model derived from empirical evidence, Ellis made no claimson causal factors. Although the information-seeking activities correspond toresearch lifecycles, Ellis calls the model a behavior model rather than a process