3.4 Testing for randomness with the correlogram
The first question that can be answered with the correlogram is whether the series is
random or not. For a random series, lagged values of the series are uncorrelated and we expect
that
0 k
r
. It can be shown that if
1
...., N
x x
are independent and identically distributed random
variables with arbitrary mean, the expected value of
k
r
is