( t = 1.0%), consisting of three 19 mm diameter deformed
bars. The longitudinal bars having yield strengths of 820 MPa
and 420 MPa were utilized in the deep beams without and
with openings, respectively. To prevent anchorage failure, the
longitudinal reinforcements had an extended length of 150 mm
and were welded to the end steel plates (160 100 10 mm).
The clear cover to longitudinal reinforcements was 35 mm.
Shear reinforcements were not used in the shear span in order
to investigate the effect of openings.