Russian
there is certainly no direct
relationship between
the linguistic symbol the word and the
real-life
object let us now see
how linguists study language now
fashionable
linguistics is the scientific study
all language that's the definition
all the field and it can be subdivided
into three main branches
the first branch has to do with
everything that is concerned with sound
speech sounds the sounds of speech in
general all
the sound elements in particular
languages
then you have a second Big Branch which
deals with structure
this could be the structure of words the
structure of sentences
and something in between the structure
of raises for example
and finally we have to look at the
meaning
of what is being said the meaning of
words the meaning of
tendencies and the meaning of even
longer stretches of speech
such as occurrences and conversation
let us look at the branches in more
detail
now the branch of sound has two some
branches namely
phonetics and phonology phonetics
studies
human speech sounds in general from
various angles for example these two
sounds here which are represented in
these angular brackets
the first one will be something like
this one and the second one ok
saw produced once
and oren evoke Alec environment
I are and I %ah
now the question is are these real
speech sounds are the use in any
language
how are they produced how are they
perceived how can they be analyzed
acoustically
these are some gold of fanatics the
study
of human speech
now we can also OSA Christian
about the principles governing the sound
systems of particular languages and this
brand reason for to ask
phonology for example we could asked the
question
is something like this in English here
is the English flag
is something like bic a possible word in
English well we all know it is not
and obviously here are some principles
at work
that we have to define by contrast this
word here
fresh so this one is out but fresh
by contrast could well be English word
oliver it doesn't exist
in many languages what's on not
indivisible
but a compost of smaller units
so here we have the word nationalize
Asian
and you know in consists of at least for
pots
now the field that deals with phenomena
on this
kind is referred to as morphology
it seeks to define how was are built
from the smaller units
and while the component parts of words
such as
peace syntax
the next brunch is the study of sentence
structure
for many linguists this is the core area
of linguistics leading to
most fundamental insights about natural
language for example one could
ask the question
is the sentence colorless green ideas