Addition of soluble calcium salts to milk needs to be considered carefully. Calcium fortification of heat-treated milk can be achieved with nonionic calcium salts or soluble salts with a chelating agent.
Addition of calcium in the form of soluble calcium salts
•may increase fouling and sediment formation during UHTprocessing;
•may increase sediment formation in in-container-sterilisedproducts;
•may cause heat-induced gelation or coagulation of milk,depending on Ca2+concentration;
•enhances rennet coagulation and reduces rennet coagulation time;•increases strength of acid-induced gels with small additions, but decreases gel strength with large additions;
•enhances denaturation/aggregation or gelation of wheyproteins, depending on protein concentration;•may accelerate age gelation, but the literature is conflict-ing; and•enhances stability of foams formed with low additionlevels.Removal of calcium