In this paper, we report a surfactant-free microwave-assisted hydrothermal rapid synthesis of HAP nanowires using CaCl2·2H2O as the calcium source and adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt (Na2ATP) as the phosphorus source. The effects of the reaction temperature and time on the morphology of the product are investigated. This method is facile, rapid, surfactant-free and environment-friendly, and the as-prepared HAP nanowires are promising for applications in tissue engineering and bone repair