In recent times there has been a surge of usages of wearable
sensors, especially in the medical sciences, where there are
a lot of different applications in monitoring physiological
activities. In the medical field, it is possible to monitor
patients’ body temperature, heart rate, brain activity, muscle
motion and other critical data [3], [4]. It is important to have
very light sensors that could be worn on the body to perform
Manuscript received October 8, 2014; revised November 5, 2014; accepted
November 12, 2014. Date of publication December 4, 2014; date of current
version December 11, 2014. The associate editor coordinating the review of
this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Ignacio R. Matias.
The author is with the School of Engineering and Advanced Technology,
Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand (e-mail:
s.c.mukhopadhyay@massey.ac.nz).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2370945